| New York
Architecture Images- notes |
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"Tallest building in the world!!" |
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THE PARK ROW BUILDING
Tallest building in the world, 1899-1908.
119m / 391ft, 30 floors
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Singer Building
Tallest building in the world,
1908-1909
612 feet (187 meters) 41-stories
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Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
700 feet (213 meters)
Tallest building in the world, 1909-1913 |
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THE WOOLWORTH BUILDING
Tallest building in the world,
1913-1930
792 feet, 241 meters.
55-stories.
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TRUMP BUILDING
Tallest building in the world,
1930-1930
281,8m / 927.0ft. 72 floors.
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Chrysler Building
Tallest building in the world,
1930-1931
77 floors, 319.5m (1048 feet)
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Empire State Building
Tallest building in the world, 1931-1970 |
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World Trade Center
Tallest building in the world,
1970-1973
110 floors rising 1,353 feet |
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Photo: Chicago Public Library
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1973 Sears Tower
World's Tallest
Building Until 1996
Regains Tallest Occupied
Floor Title in 1997
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| Chicago became home to the world's tallest
building in 1973 when the Sears Tower was topped off. The Sears
Tower remained the tallest building in the world until February 13,
1996. The Sears Tower continues to be the tallest building in North
America.
On July 10, 1997, the Council on Tall
Buildings and Urban Habitat met in Chicago to announce new
standards with four categories for measuring tall buildings.
These categories are:
- Height to the structural or architectural
top.
- Height to the highest occupied floor.
- Height to the top of the roof.
- Height to the top of antenna.
The Sears Tower leads in the second and
third categories. The height to the top of the roof is 1,450
feet and the height to the highest occupied floor is 1,431. The
twin Petronas Towers in Malaysia win the first category with its
111-foot decorative spires.
Sitting on two city blocks and rising one
quarter mile (1,454 feet) above the ground, the Tower's 110
stories comprise some 4.5 million gross square feet of office
and commercial space. It was designed by the architectural firm
of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, and was constructed in a little
less than two and half years.
Source: Chicago Sun-Times, 10
July 1997, p32.
World's Top 10
Buildings
| Rank |
Name |
City |
Country |
Feet |
Metres |
Stories |
|
1
|
Petronas Tower 1 |
Kuala Lumpur |
Malaysia |
1483 |
452 |
88 |
|
2
|
Petronas Tower 2 |
Kuala Lumpur |
Malaysia |
1483 |
452 |
88 |
|
3
|
Sears Tower |
Chicago |
USA |
1450 |
442 |
110 |
|
4
|
Jin Mao Tower |
Shanghai |
China |
1380 |
421 |
88 |
|
**5
|
Citic Plaza |
Guangzhou |
China |
1,283 |
391 |
80 |
|
6
|
Shun Hing Square |
Shenzhen |
China |
1,260 |
384 |
69 |
|
7
|
Empire State Building |
New York |
USA |
1250 |
381 |
102 |
|
8
|
Central Plaza |
Hong Kong |
China |
1227 |
374 |
78 |
|
9
|
Bank Of China |
Hong Kong |
China |
1209 |
369 |
70 |
|
10
|
The Center |
Hong Kong |
China |
1148 |
350 |
79 |
|
11
|
T & C Tower |
Kaohsiung |
Taiwan |
1140 |
348 |
85 |
|
12
|
Aon Center |
Chicago |
USA |
1136 |
346 |
80 |
|
13
|
John Hancock Center |
Chicago |
USA |
1127 |
344 |
100 |
|
14
|
Burj al Arab Hotel |
Dubai |
UAE |
1,053 |
321 |
60 |
|
15
|
Baiyoke Tower II |
Bangkok |
Thailand |
1050 |
320 |
90 |
NOTE: Height is measured
from sidewalk level of main entrance to structural top
of building. Antennas and flag poles are not included
**The twin World Trade
Center towers, New York, 110 stories, 1368 feet, ranked
5 and 6 prior to their destruction by terrorist attack
on September 11, 2001.
Source: Council on Tall
Buildings and Urban Habitat, Lehigh University.
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#
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Building
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Year
|
Location
|
Feet
|
Stories
|
|
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Burj Dubai
|
2008
|
Dubai, UAE
|
2313
|
160
|
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Freedom Tower
|
2009
|
New York City, USA
|
1776
|
73
|
|
1
|
Taipei Financial Center
|
2004
|
Taipei, Taiwan
|
1671
|
101
|
|
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Busan Lotte Tower
|
2010
|
Busan, South Korea
|
1621
|
107
|
|
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World Financial Center
|
2007
|
Shanghai, China
|
1614
|
101
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Union Square
|
2007
|
Hong Kong, China
|
1555
|
111
|
|
2
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Petronas Towers
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1998
|
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
|
1483
|
88
|
|
3
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Sears Tower
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1974
|
Chicago, USA
|
1450
|
110
|
|
4
|
Jin Mao Building
|
1998
|
Shanghai, China
|
1380
|
88
|
|
x |
World Trade Center
|
1972
|
New York City, USA
|
1368
|
110
|
|
5
|
2 Int'l Finance Centre
|
2003
|
Hong Kong, China
|
1352
|
88
|
|
6
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CITIC Plaza
|
1997
|
Guangzhou, China
|
1283
|
80
|
|
7
|
Shun Hing Square
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1996
|
Shenzhen, China
|
1260
|
69
|
|
8
|
Empire State Building
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1931
|
New York City, USA
|
1250
|
102
|
|
9
|
Central Plaza
|
1992
|
Hong Kong, China
|
1227
|
78
|
|
10
|
Bank of China
|
1989
|
Hong Kong, China
|
1209
|
72
|
|
11
|
Emirates Office Tower One
|
1999
|
Dubai, UAE
|
1165
|
55
|
|
12
|
Tuntex Tower
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1997
|
Kaohsiung, Taiwan
|
1140
|
85
|
|
13
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Aon Center / Amoco Bldg
|
1973
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Chicago, USA
|
1136
|
83
|
|
14
|
The Centre
|
1998
|
Hong Kong, China
|
1135
|
73
|
|
15
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John Hancock Center
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1967
|
Chicago, USA
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1127
|
100
|
|
16
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Shimao International Plaza
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2005
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Shanghai, China
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1093
|
60
|
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17
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Wuhan Int'l Securities Building
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2005
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Wuhan, China
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1087
|
68
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18
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Ryugyong Hotel
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1995
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Pyongyang, North Korea
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1083
|
105
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19
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Burj al Arab Hotel
|
1999
|
Dubai, UAE
|
1053
|
60
|
|
20
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Chrysler Building
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1930
|
New York City, USA
|
1046
|
77
|
|
21
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Bank of America Plaza
|
1992
|
Atlanta, USA
|
1023
|
55
|
|
22
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US Bank Tower
|
1989
|
Los Angeles, USA
|
1018
|
73
|
|
23
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Menara Telekom
|
2001
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Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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1017
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55
|
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24
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Emirates Hotel Tower Two
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2000
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Dubai, UAE
|
1014
|
56
|
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25
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AT&T Corporate Center
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1989
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Chicago, USA
|
1007
|
60
|
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26
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JP Morgan Chase Tower
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1982
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Houston, USA
|
1002
|
75
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Building & Location
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Year
|
Sto-
ries
|
Height
|
Chief
Architect
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M.
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Ft.
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Center of India Tower, Katangi, India (speculative)
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2008?
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224
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677
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2,222
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Freedom Tower at the World Trade Center
New York
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541
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1,776
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Daniel Libeskind
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Taipei 101 Tower
Taipei, Taiwan
|
2004
|
101
|
509
|
1,670
|
C.Y. Lee & Partner
|
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Shanghai World Financial Center,
China
|
2007?
|
95+
|
460+
|
1,509+
|
Kohn Pederson Fox
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Petronas Tower 1,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
|
1998
|
88
|
452
|
1,483
|
Cesar Pelli
|
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Petronas Twin Tower 2,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
|
1998
|
88
|
452
|
1,483
|
Cesar Pelli
|
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Sears Tower,
Chicago
|
1974
|
110
|
442
|
1,450
|
Bruce Graham
(SOM)
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Kowloon Station Phase 7
(MTR Tower) Union Plaza, Hong Kong
|
2007?
|
102
|
574
|
1,883
|
SOM
|
|
Jin Mao Building, Shanghai
|
1999
|
88
|
421
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1,381
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SOM
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World Trade Center,
New York
Destroyed by terrorists 9/11/01
|
1973
|
110
|
417
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1,368
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Minoru Yamaski
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Two International Finance Centre (IFC), Hong Kong
|
2003
|
88
|
415
|
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Rocco Design Ltd.
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Construction of world's tallest tower
to begin
- 18:24 10 December 2004
- NewScientist.com news service
- Will Knight
Burj Dubai will be nearly half a mile
high, at 800 metres tall (Image: SOM)
The construction of what will be the
world's tallest building is set to begin in Dubai, United Arab
Emirates. The building contract was awarded to a consortium led by
the South Korean Samsung Corporation on Thursday.
The Burj Dubai tower will stand 800
metres tall - just 5 metres shy of half a mile - once completed in
2008. That will be nearly 300 metres taller than the tallest floored
building in the world today, the Taipei Tower in Taiwan.
The new tower's unique, three-sided
design will ascend in a series of stages, around a supportive
central core and boast a total of 160 floors, accessible via a
series of double-decker elevators. Its shape will be integral to its
impressive size. The design is intended to reduce the impact of wind
and to reduce the need for a stronger core - allowing for more space
- as it ascends.
"It's almost like a series of buildings
stuck together," says Mohsen Zikri, a director at UK engineering
consultants Arup. "As you go up you need less and less lifts and
less core."
Military precision
A key challenge will be the logistics
involved in construction, Zikri told New Scientist. "You need
things to be delivered with military precision or you will have
chaos on the ground."
A spokeswoman for Skidmore, Owings &
Merrill, the Chicago-based architects firm behind the design in the
US, says the shape should prevent wind vortices building up around
the tower and causing it to move in the wind. "Wind is the primary
thing at this height," she told New Scientist. "The engineers
have focused on shaping the building to minimise this effect."
As wind whirls around a tall building
it can build into powerful vortices that in turn generate powerful
winds on the ground. But the wide base of the Burj Dubai should also
prevent wind from causing these disturbances.
Besides beating the Taipei Tower, which
stands at 508 metres tall, Burj Dubai will also be considerably
taller than the CN tower in Toronto, Canada, which stands at 553
metres tall though is without a multiple floor structure.
Foundation work was recently completed
by Turner Construction International, based in New York, US. Above
ground construction will now begin under the control of the Samsung
Corporation. The contract was awarded by Emaar Properties in Dubai,
after an 11-month bidding process.
The tower will be used for offices,
residential apartments, hotels and shops and will be surrounded at
its base by a man-made lake.
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AT A CEREMONY witnessed by
officials and business leaders, a 197-ft
spire capped the 101-story structure, officially making it taller than
the 1,483-feet twin towers in Kuala Lumpur.
“I have no doubt that it can bring Taipei to the world and bring
the world to Taipei,” Taipei Mayor Ma Ying-jeou said at the ceremony.
Taiwan hopes the new landmark will put Taipei on the global map,
but the Sept. 11 attacks on New York’s World Trade Center (WTC) called
into question the merits of tall buildings.
Fearful of tempting future attacks, most New Yorkers said they
did not want a new “world’s tallest” to be built on the site of the WTC
where some 2,800 people died in the hijacked plane attacks, a poll
released in May showed.
Architects say Taipei 101 will be much better able to withstand
a similar attack, allowing people more time to escape.
But it is earthquakes, rather than terror attacks, that scare
Taiwanese the most.
“September 11 attacks? Taiwan will not be a target. I am more
afraid of earthquakes. If a big one strikes, even though the building
does not collapse, it will still be frightening,” said an official, who
declined to be identified, who works at the Taiwan Stock Exchange, a
future tenant of Taipei 101.
Taiwan, which lies on a seismically active stretch of the
Pacific basin, was hit by an earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter
scale in September 1999. The tremor killed more than 2,400 people and
destroyed or damaged 50,000 buildings.
The Taipei 101 tower is designed to absorb earthquakes above
seven on the Richter scale and one-in-100-year gales.
The skyscraper of steel, concrete and glass, due to be completed
in 2004, will house a shopping mall, offices for 12,000 people, and the
stock exchange.
It has the world’s fastest lifts: 34 double-decker shuttles that
can zoom at 37 mph and take passengers to the 90th floor in under 39
seconds.
Shanghai is building a skyscraper that may top Taipei 101 in 2007.
Taipei is not the only city that covets the title of host to
the world’s tallest building. Shanghai is building a skyscraper that
may top Taipei 101 in 2007.
© 2003 Reuters Limited
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