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International Style II

Approximate Dates 1945-1970

The great wilderness days of Modernism......


025 National Maritme Union	001 World Trade Center	028-The New York Coliseum	013 St. Mary’s Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite	032 Kips Bay Plaza

016 University Village (Silver Towers)	018 Bobst Library	024 18 West 11^th St.	004-Chatham Green	005-Confucious Plaza

008-Throgs Neck Bridge	010-Verrazano Bridge	017 2 BROADWAY	023 2 NEW YORK PLAZA	024 ONE NEW YORK PLAZA

028 77 WATER STREET	029 WALL STREET PLAZA	034 55 WATER STREET	040 CHASE MANHATTAN BANK TOWER	055 HSBC BANK BUILDING

071 One Liberty Plaza	001 United Nations Headquarters	004 Ford Foundation Building	006 The Corinthian	020 Mobil Building

028 Phillip Morris Headquarters	039 IBM Building	042 Trump Tower	058 General Motors Building	061B The 1 Rockefeller Plaza

069 HSBC Bank Tower	078 WR Grace Building	081 Exxon Building	082 CBS Building	085 9 West 57^th Street

087 Museum of Modern Art	095 2 Columbus Circle	105 Mariott Marquis Hotel	108 Astor Plaza	134 Jacob K. Javits Convention Center

127 Madison Square Garden Center	128 Port Authority Bus Terminal	140 Market Diner	147 THE CANADA HOUSE	155 THE CORNING GLASS BUILDING

158 1 Penn Plaza	005 One Seaport Plaza	008 127 John St.	032 Jacob K. Javits Federal Office Building	008 State Insurance Fund

026 AT&T Long Lines	001-Citicorp Center	002-Seagram Building	012-Lever House	034-Edward Durrell Stone House

064-Park 900	080-Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum	110-Rockefeller Guest House	002-Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts	003-200 Central Park South

CPW @ W97th- 100th Park West Village (040)

see also- International Style I (for definition), International Style III (Late Modern)

Modernism

Style Definition
The most common building style worldwide, standard modernism has evolved from utilitarian forms introduced in the 19th century. Modernist buildings are generally simple in design and lack any applied ornament. Their architecture is basically a modification of the International Style but is less strict in its geometry.

After about 1960 modernism began to play more freely with shapes and structures, producing a wider variety of designs including cylindrical buildings, sloping roofs, and unusual shapes. This trend runs parallel to Postmodernism, which rebelled against the strictness of modernism by reviving historical tropes; but during this period the aesthetic and economic advantages of simplicity kept modernism alive in all parts of the world.

One of the leading proponents of modernism is the architecture firm Walter Gropius, which has also worked in other styles but is closely associated with the evolution of 20th century modernism. An equivalent firm in the Far East is the Japanese company Nikken Sekkei Ltd., and one of the most famous design firms of the late modern period is The Stubbins Associates, Inc., architects of Yokohama Landmark Tower and Citigroup Center.

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